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Bao Dai, the last emperor of Vietnam, steered his nation through turbulent times characterized by colonial rule, independence struggles, and eventual partition. His leadership, though challenged, exemplified a delicate balance between Vietnamese nationalism and French colonial interests, shaping the trajectory of Vietnam's modern history.

"As for us, during twenty years' reign, we have known much bitterness."



"If your government had given me a thousandth of the sum it spent to depose me, I could have won that war."


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