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James MacGregor Burns, an American author and political scientist, explored the dynamics of leadership and power in his influential works on presidential history and political theory. His concept of "transformative leadership," which emphasized the importance of collective action and social change, continues to resonate with scholars and practitioners alike.

"Divorced from ethics, leadership is reduced to management and politics to mere technique."


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"Leaders are not pale reflectors of major social conflicts; they play up some, play down others, ignore still others."



"A revolution is an act of violence whereby one class shatters the authority of another."



"Woodrow Wilson called for leaders who, by boldly interpreting the nation's conscience, could lift a people out of their everyday selves. That people can be lifted into their better selves is the secret of transforming leadership."


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