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Henry James Sumner Maine, an English historian and jurist, revolutionized the study of law and society with his seminal work, "Ancient Law." His theories on the evolution of legal systems and the role of custom and tradition in shaping social order laid the foundation for modern legal anthropology and comparative law.
"The Roman Code was merely an enunciation in words of the existing customs of the Roman people."
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"The Roman Code was merely an enunciation in words of the existing customs of the Roman people."

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"The most celebrated system of jurisprudence known to the world begins, as it ends, with a Code."
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"The most celebrated system of jurisprudence known to the world begins, as it ends, with a Code."

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"The inquiries of the jurist are in truth prosecuted much as inquiry in physic and physiology was prosecuted before observation had taken the place of assumption."
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"The inquiries of the jurist are in truth prosecuted much as inquiry in physic and physiology was prosecuted before observation had taken the place of assumption."

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"The epoch of Customary Law, and of its custody by a privileged order, is a very remarkable one."
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"The epoch of Customary Law, and of its custody by a privileged order, is a very remarkable one."

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"The members of such a society consider that the transgression of a religious ordinance should be punished by civil penalties, and that the violation of a civil duty exposes the delinquent to divine correction."
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"The members of such a society consider that the transgression of a religious ordinance should be punished by civil penalties, and that the violation of a civil duty exposes the delinquent to divine correction."

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"In spite of overwhelming evidence, it is most difficult for a citizen of western Europe to bring thoroughly home to himself the truth that the civilisation which surrounds him is a rare exception in the history of the world."
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"In spite of overwhelming evidence, it is most difficult for a citizen of western Europe to bring thoroughly home to himself the truth that the civilisation which surrounds him is a rare exception in the history of the world."

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"The ancient Roman code belongs to a class of which almost every civilised nation in the world can show a sample, and which, so far as the Roman and Hellenic worlds were concerned, were largely diffused over them at epochs not widely distant from one another."
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"The ancient Roman code belongs to a class of which almost every civilised nation in the world can show a sample, and which, so far as the Roman and Hellenic worlds were concerned, were largely diffused over them at epochs not widely distant from one another."

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"Our authorities leave us no doubt that the trust lodged with the oligarchy was sometimes abused, but it certainly ought not to be regarded as a mere usurpation or engine of tyranny."
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"Our authorities leave us no doubt that the trust lodged with the oligarchy was sometimes abused, but it certainly ought not to be regarded as a mere usurpation or engine of tyranny."

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"When primitive law has once been embodied in a Code, there is an end to what may be called its spontaneous development."
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"When primitive law has once been embodied in a Code, there is an end to what may be called its spontaneous development."

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"The most superficial student of Roman history must be struck by the extraordinary degree in which the fortunes of the republic were affected by the presence of foreigners, under different names, on her soil."
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"The most superficial student of Roman history must be struck by the extraordinary degree in which the fortunes of the republic were affected by the presence of foreigners, under different names, on her soil."

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"The ancient codes were doubtless originally suggested by the discovery and diffusion of the art of writing."
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"The ancient codes were doubtless originally suggested by the discovery and diffusion of the art of writing."

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"Law is stable; the societies we are speaking of are progressive. The greater or less happiness of a people depends on the degree of promptitude with which the gulf is narrowed."
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"Law is stable; the societies we are speaking of are progressive. The greater or less happiness of a people depends on the degree of promptitude with which the gulf is narrowed."

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"The Roman jurisprudence has the longest known history of any set of human institutions."
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"The Roman jurisprudence has the longest known history of any set of human institutions."

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"It is true that the aristocracies seem to have abused their monopoly of legal knowledge; and at all events their exclusive possession of the law was a formidable impediment to the success of those popular movements which began to be universal in the western world."
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"It is true that the aristocracies seem to have abused their monopoly of legal knowledge; and at all events their exclusive possession of the law was a formidable impediment to the success of those popular movements which began to be universal in the western world."

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